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style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">这些曲线包括了椭圆</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">双曲线</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">抛物线和正弦曲线等</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">当采用不具备非圆曲线插补功能的数控机床加工非圆曲线轮廓的零件时</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">在加工程序的编制过程中</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">常需要用若干直线或圆弧拟合非圆曲线</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">加工出近似轮廓形</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">其近似程度取决于拟合误差的大小</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">数值计算和编程的复杂程度取决于逼近线段的形式</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">数量和逼近方式</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">如何避免数控程序的重复冗长</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">使数控机床更好的发挥效益</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">设计利用宏程序并将其模块化是有效途径之一</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">编程时需要采用数控系统自带的一种编程方法</span><span lang="EN-US"> FANUC </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">系统采用宏程序编程</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">下面主要介绍</span><span lang="EN-US"> FANUC 0i-Mate </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">系统中的宏程序</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">宏程序</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">数控程序中含有变量的程序称为宏程序</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">宏程序可以让用户利用数控系统提供的变量</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">数学运算</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">逻辑判断和程序循环等功能</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">来实现一些特殊的用法</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而使得编制同样的加工程序更加简便</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">1.1 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">变量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">普通加工程序直接用数值指定</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> G </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">代码和移动间隔</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">例如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> GO1 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> X100.0 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">运用用户宏程序时</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">数值能够直接指定或用变量指定当用变量时</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">变量值可用程序或用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> MDI </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">面板上的操作改动</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> #1 #2 100 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> G01 X#1 F300<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;">1 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">变量的表示及类型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="margin: 3.75pt 0cm; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">一般编程办法允许对变量命名</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">但用户宏程序不行</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">变量用变量符号</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> # </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">和后边的变量号指定</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">例如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"> #1 #10 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">等</span><span style="font-family: Tahoma;"> </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">表达式能够用于指定变量号</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Tahoma;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">变量的运算变量常用算术</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">逻辑运算和运算符</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如表</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1 2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">运算符右边的表达式可包含常量</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">或由函数或运算符组成的变量</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">表达式中的变量</span><span lang="EN-US"> #j </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">和</span><span lang="EN-US"> #k </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可以用常数赋值</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">左边的变量也可以用表达式赋值</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">函数正弦</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">余弦</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">正切</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">反正弦</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">反余弦和反正切的角度单位是度</span><span lang="EN-US">( ) </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">括号最多可以嵌套使用</span><span lang="EN-US"> 5 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">级</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">包括函数内部使用的括号</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1.2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">功能语句</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">1 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">无条件转移</span><span lang="EN-US"> GOTO </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">语句转移到有顺序号</span><span lang="EN-US"> n </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">的程序段格式为</span><span lang="EN-US"> GOTO n </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">其中</span><span lang="EN-US"> n </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">表示程序段号</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">例</span><span lang="EN-US"> GOTO1 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">表示转移到第一程序段</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">再如</span><span lang="EN-US"> GOTO#10 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">表示转移到变量</span><span lang="EN-US"> #10 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">决定的程序段</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">条件转移</span><span lang="EN-US"> IF </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">语句在</span><span lang="EN-US"> IF </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">后指定一条件</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">当条件满足时转移到顺序号为</span><span lang="EN-US"> n </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的程序段</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">不满足则执行下一程序段</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">格式为</span><span lang="EN-US"> IF[</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">表达式</span><span lang="EN-US">]GOTO n</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">3 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">循环</span><span lang="EN-US"> WHILE </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">语句在</span><span lang="EN-US"> WHILE </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">后指定一条件表达式</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">当条件满足时</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">执行</span><span lang="EN-US"> DO </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">到</span><span lang="EN-US">END </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">之间的程序</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">然后返回到</span><span lang="EN-US"> WHILE </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">重新判断条件</span><span lang="EN-US">) </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">不满足则执行</span><span lang="EN-US"> END </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">后的下一程序段</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">格式为</span><span lang="EN-US"> WHILE[</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">条件式</span><span lang="EN-US">]DO m (m=1 2 3 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">循环执行范围的识别号</span><span lang="EN-US"> ) END m </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">其中</span><span lang="EN-US">m </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">只能是</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1 2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">和</span><span lang="EN-US"> 3 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">否则系统报警</span><span lang="EN-US"> DO END </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">循环能够按需要使用多次</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">即循环嵌套</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><img src="/upload/images/201407/14062685981768.jpg" alt="" /><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US"> </span><img src="/upload/images/201407/14062686112509.jpg" alt="" /></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">编程实例分析</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">2.1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">典型零件</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如图</span><span lang="EN-US"> 1 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示零件</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">该零件编程时以椭圆右端中心</span><span lang="EN-US"> O </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">点作为编程原点</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">由于加工的椭圆极角</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">为</span><span lang="EN-US"> 90 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所以可以采用将椭圆极角设为自变量</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">当椭圆极角从</span><span lang="EN-US"> O </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">点</span><span lang="EN-US"> 0 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">逐渐增加到</span><span lang="EN-US"> A </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">点</span><span lang="EN-US"> 90 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">时</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">根据椭圆参数方程求得椭圆</span><span lang="EN-US"> OA </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">段上每个点所对应的短轴值和长轴值</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">然后再算出椭圆</span><span lang="EN-US"> OA </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">段上每个点在工件坐标系中所对应的</span><span lang="EN-US"> X </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">值和</span><span lang="EN-US"> Z </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">值</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">从而加工出椭圆</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">编程中采用条件转移</span><span lang="EN-US"> IF </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">语句</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">该椭圆的参数方程</span><span lang="EN-US"> X=39*COS ,Y=25*SIN </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">其中</span><span lang="EN-US"> X </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">表示椭圆长轴值</span><span lang="EN-US"> Y </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">表示椭圆短轴值</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">表示椭圆极角</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">其加工程序为</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">O0001</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">G98 G21</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">T0101</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">M03 S1000</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">G00 X65 Z5</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#1=0 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">将椭圆极角设为自变量</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">赋值为</span><span lang="EN-US"> 0</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">N10#2=25*SIN[#1] </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">参数方程中椭圆短轴值</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#3=39*COS[#1] </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">参数方程中椭圆长轴值</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#4=#2*2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">椭圆</span><span lang="EN-US"> OA </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">段上各点在工件坐标系中</span><span lang="EN-US"> X </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">坐标值</span><span lang="EN-US"> *2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">为直径值</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#5=#3-39 (</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">椭圆</span><span lang="EN-US"> OA </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">段上各点在工件坐标系中</span><span lang="EN-US"> Z </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">坐标值</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#3-39=-(<st1:street w:st="on"><st1:address w:st="on">39-#3</st1:address></st1:street>)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">G01 X#4 Z#5 F0.1 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">加工椭圆</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#1=#1+0.1 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">自变量椭圆极角每次增量为</span><span lang="EN-US"> 0.1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">IF[#1LE90]GOTO10 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如果</span><span lang="EN-US"> #1 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">小于且等于</span><span lang="EN-US"> 90 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">则返回到</span><span lang="EN-US"> N10 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">程序段不满足则执行下一程序段</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">X65</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">G00 X100 Z100</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">M05</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">M30</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">2.2</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">典型零件</span><span lang="EN-US">2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><img src="/upload/images/201407/14062686247264.jpg" alt="" /><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如图</span><span lang="EN-US"> 2 </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示零件</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">从零件图给出的尺寸可知椭圆长轴值为</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">40mm </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">我们可以将椭圆长轴设为自变量</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">数值由</span><span lang="EN-US"> 22mm </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">逐渐减少</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">到</span><span lang="EN-US">-22mm </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">然后根据椭圆标准方程</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">求得所对应的长轴变化值</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">最</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">后再算出椭圆每个点在工件坐标系中对应的</span><span lang="EN-US"> X </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">值和</span><span lang="EN-US"> Z </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">值</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">从而加</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">工出该零件的椭圆部分</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">编程中采用循环</span><span lang="EN-US"> WHILE </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">语句</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">由该椭</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">圆的标准方程</span><span lang="EN-US"> X2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">/402</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">+Y2</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">/232</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">=1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">得</span><span lang="EN-US"> X=40*SQRT[1-Y*Y/529] </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">其中</span><span lang="EN-US"> X </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">表示椭圆长轴值</span><span lang="EN-US"> Y </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">表</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">示椭圆短轴值</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">以下是加工图</span><span lang="EN-US"> 4 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">的外椭圆轮廓的程序</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">O0002</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">G98 G21</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">T0101</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">M03 S1000</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">G00 X65 Z5</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">X46</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">G01 Z-5 F0.1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">G01 Z-5 F0.1</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#1=22 (</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">将椭圆短轴设为自变量</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">赋值为</span><span lang="EN-US"> 22mm)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">WHILE[#1GE-22]DO1 (#1 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如满足大于且等于</span><span lang="EN-US">-22 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">则执行</span><span lang="EN-US"> DO </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">到</span><span lang="EN-US"> END </span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">之间的程序</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">否则转到</span><span lang="EN-US"> END </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">后的下一程序段</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#2=40/23*SQRT[529-#1*#1] (</span><span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">由椭圆的标准方程推算出椭圆长轴值</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#3=#1*2 (</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">椭圆</span><span lang="EN-US"> AB </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">段上各点在工件坐标系中</span><span lang="EN-US"> X </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">坐标值</span><span lang="EN-US"> *2 </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">为直径值</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#4=-[#2+22] (</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">椭圆上各点在工件坐标系中</span><span lang="EN-US"> Z </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">坐标值</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">G01 X#3 Z#4 F0.1 (</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">加工椭圆</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">#1=#1-0.1 (</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">自变量椭圆短轴每次减量为</span><span lang="EN-US"> 0.1mm)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">END1 (</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">循环结束</span><span lang="EN-US">)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">Z-44</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">X50</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">G00 Z100 </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">M05</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">M30</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">小结</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">上述两个实例在编程中都使用了宏程序</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">但是选择了两个不同的参数作为自变量</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">例</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以椭圆极角作为自变量</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">例</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以椭圆长轴作为自变量</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">这主要由椭圆在工件坐标系中的位置及图样中给出的尺寸而定</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过两个实例可以看出</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">编写加工椭圆的宏程序首先要选择正确的参数作为自变量</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后依据自变量和椭圆方程求得椭圆上每个点所对应的短轴值和长轴值</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">再计算出椭圆上每个点在工件坐标中的</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">值和</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">值</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">最终加工出椭圆</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">以上只是零件的精加工程序</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">粗加工时由于机床操作系统</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">零件的加工性质等因素</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">我们可以采用灵活的粗加工编程方式</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如把精加工程序加入到</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指令中</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">或者单独编写粗加工的宏程序</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">还可以修改刀具中的磨耗值等不同方法来满足粗加工的要求</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:0cm; 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initial;">伯特利数控一直以尽心、尽力、尽意的态度把握每一台</span><b><span style="font-family: Arial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"> </span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://www.bethel-cnc.com/"><span lang="EN-US">加工中心</span></a></span></b><b><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">、</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-bidi-font-family:宋体;mso-font-kerning:0pt"><a href="http://www.bethel-cnc.com/bethel/cnc/show_37.html"><span lang="EN-US">钻攻中心</span></a></span></b><span style="font-family: 宋体; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">的质量</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Arial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" 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