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style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">随着机电一体化技术的迅速发展</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">机械制造业中越来越多地应用数控技术加工改善加工方式</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">提高零件的精度</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">以适应市场的需求</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">特别是数控车床的应用更加普遍</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">数控车床又称</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: 21pt;">CNC</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">车床</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">是利用计算机数字控制</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: 21pt;">(Computerized Numerical Control)</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">的车床</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">普通车床主要是靠手工操作来完成各种切削加工</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">而数控车床则是将编制好的加工程序输入到数控系统中</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt;"> </span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">由数控系统通过车床</span><span lang="EN-US" style="text-indent: 21pt;">X Z</span><span style="text-indent: 21pt; font-family: 宋体;">轴的伺服电动机控制车床的运动而加工零件</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">而数控车床程序编制一般经过分析零件图</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">制定加工工艺方案</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">数值计算</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">编定加工程度</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">程序输入数控系统</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">校验程序与首件试切等环节</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">其中</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">数控加工中数值计算就是根据零件图样</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">按照已设定的编程坐标系</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已确定的加工路线和允许的编程误差</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">计算数控系统所需输入的数据</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">如基点</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">节点及刀位点轨迹的坐标值计算</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">手工编程时</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在完成工艺分析和确定加工路线以后</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">数值计算就成为程序编制中一个关键性的环节</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">对于一些复杂的零件而言</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这是繁琐</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">复杂的计算过程</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在手动编制加工程序过程中</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要编制出满足加工需要的程序</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">常须对零件的轮廓基点坐标进行准确的计算</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为了提高工效</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">降低出错率</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">有效的途径是计算机辅助完成坐标数据的计算</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">或直接采用自动编程</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">下面就以图</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示的零件为例</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">谈谈手工编程中</span><span lang="EN-US"> CAXA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">电子图板在数控车床编程中基点</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">零件的轮廓各几何元素间的联结点</span><span lang="EN-US">) </span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">坐标数值计算的应用</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">一</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">工件轮廊基点分析</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">图</span><span lang="EN-US">1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所示的零件主要由</span><span lang="EN-US"> 40</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">轴</span><span lang="EN-US"> R30</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">半球台</span><span lang="EN-US"> 40</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">轴及</span><span lang="EN-US">R30</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">半球台间的圆锥及</span><span lang="EN-US"> 100</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">轴等四段几何体组成组合体</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">工件外轮廓主要由线段</span><span lang="EN-US">AB BC CD EF</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">及圆弧</span><span lang="EN-US">DE</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">组成</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">根据数控车床加工的特点</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">该零件只需要左端装夹就能加工而成</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因此</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">可选右端面的中心点</span><span lang="EN-US">0</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">作为工件编程坐标原点</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">工件轮廓基点分别是</span><span lang="EN-US">A B C D E F</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">点为了编制满足零件需要的加工程序</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">就必须确定各基点在编程坐标系中的坐标</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">二</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">绘制工件图样</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">根据工件的零件图</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">图</span><span lang="EN-US">2)</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">所注的尺寸</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">我们直接可以读出</span><span lang="EN-US">A B C E F</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">点的坐标</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">但</span><span lang="EN-US">D</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">点的坐标得通过方程</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><img src="/upload/images/201406/14037074694758.jpg" alt="" /><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">来计算出</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这是较麻烦复杂的当前</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">由于计算机的迅速发展</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">许多零件图都采用了专门的绘图软件绘制</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">如</span><span lang="EN-US">AutoCADCAXA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">电子图板等</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">并且许多编程人员都能熟练运用</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">因此</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可利用</span><span lang="EN-US">CAXA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">电子图板对基点坐标数值计算</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">计算时</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">先绘制出零件图或将已有的其他软件绘制的图样进行转换</span><span lang="EN-US"> (</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">见图</span><span lang="EN-US">3)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><img src="/upload/images/201406/1403707487922.jpg" alt="" /><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">三</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">标注尺寸确定基点坐标</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">在按照</span><span lang="EN-US">1 1</span><span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的比例绘制工件图样后</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">对工件图样的各基点标注尺寸</span><span lang="EN-US">(</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">见图</span><span lang="EN-US">4)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US"><img src="/upload/images/201406/14037075030746.jpg" alt="" /><br /> <!--[endif]--></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">可见由图上标注</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">我们很快地读出各基点的坐标如下</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span lang="EN-US">A(36 0) B(40 -2) C(40 -48) D(70 -56 6603) E(100 -82.641) F(100 -124)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:21.0pt;mso-char-indent-count:2.0"><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">众所周知</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">数控车床具有较高柔性</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">自动化程度高加工精度高</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">尺寸精确</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">能够加工复杂零件及生产效率高等优点</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">工件轮廓各基点数值准确计算是实现数控车床优点的关键之一</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">各类相交曲线的基点的数值计算可通过列方程来计算</span> <span style="font-family: 宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">但在原有图纸的基础上</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">充分利用</span><span lang="EN-US">CAXA</span><span style="font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">电子图板的标注功能计算基点坐标也是提高工效</span> <span style="font-family:宋体; mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">降低出错率的有效方法之一</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-top:4.5pt;margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:7.5pt;margin-left:0cm;text-align:center;line-height:13.5pt; 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